Tag Archives: Layout

Exercise: Judging a book by its cover

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Exercise: Judging a book by its cover

Choose a book by an author you are familiar with. You are going to design two different covers for it, one using illustrations or photography and the other using just type. Design the whole cover including the spine and back page.

The hardest part of this exercise was choosing which book to work with! After a couple of false starts I decided to use ‘The Third Plate’ a book by Dan Barber. It has been published by Little Brown Book and Penguin in different editions.

The book that, perhaps more than any other in recent times, laid out the urgent imperative that to look after the land we grow our food on is to eat as best we can and vice-versa. It redefined nutrition, agriculture and flavour, and established Barber as the preeminent voice in food that is as ethical as it is excellent (The Guardian)

The book documents the research of Chef Barber as he explores the state of food production and the options we have going forward. He had been a proponent of the Field to Fork food movement (the second plate) but realised this was not a fundamental enough shift as it replaced high meat based diets with better meat rather than a more balanced diet which in turn creates more sustainable production methods. The third plate refers to the need to completely rethink our diets and move towards a more plant based focus. It is a fascinating and at times funny read, laying out the issues but doing so in a gentle tone. The book is divided into four sections – soil, land, sea and seed.

In terms of the brief I worked on the following parameters:

  • Non-fiction title
  • Paperback version
  • Based on the dimensions of the existing book
  • House styles of the published editions vary
  • The readership could be quiet varied – young people with an interest in environmental sustainability and food (probably 18-25yrs), chefs with an interest in the future of food, vegetarians/vegans, generalists with an interest in the future of food (probably 35yrs+ and female)
  • Sold online and in major bookshop chains

As usual I did a few sketches to start the design process.

Based on the above assumptions and sketches I created six designs:

  1. Literal representation of three plates against a wheat field (wheat is covered in detail in the book). Contemporary font against a photographic background. I decided to colour the title “Third’ green to reflect one of the premises of the book about moving towards a more plant-based diet. I took the colour of the sky and used that across the spine and back. (n.b. the black lines either side of the spine are just place markers and are not part of the design concept). I took the three plates and echoed them under the title on the back cover. Typeface: Myriad Pro (12,24,18,36,120 pt.).
  2. Same basic concept as version one but I wanted to make the ‘Third’ more prominent. I changed the typeface and extended it across the page. I shifted the plates down so more of the wheat is shown and added some drop shadow under the top plate (I suspect this might be a design crime from comments I have read online but I wasn’t sure how else to bring the plate forward!). I also used a lighter tone of blue. Typeface: Modern No 20 (150, 28 pt.) and Myriad Pro Regular (36, 18, 15, 12pt), Myriad Pro Regular semi bold (24pt)
  3. One of my sketches suggested a layered text approach to signify the three plates. I struggled to get the effect I wanted in Illustrator so ended up with a tiered version of different size characters in a chunky typeface to catch attention. They are red (meat based), white (farm to fork, to me a more neutral approach), and green (plant based diets). I used a lighter grey colour for the typeface on the back so it is a bit gentler. Typeface: TW Cent MT (12,18 pt.), TW Cent Condensed (48, 24 pt.), Rockwell Extra Bold (117pt)
  4. Another tiered typeface version, this time they are stacked like plates and I have added some drop shadow. I changed the cover to green and reversed out the rest of the text. I also added a large ‘Third’ on the back cover which might attract attention if the cover were face down on a table or shelf. Typeface: Rockwell Extra Bold (130pt), TW Cent MT Condensed (48, 30,15 pt.), TW Cent MT (24, 18, 12)
  5. This version was taken directly from one of my sketches. I wanted to make it quite loose so added watercolour effects in Photoshop to give the impression of falling soil and water. I initially used a san serif typeface in dark grey but wasn’t sure it worked very well so I went back to a serif font for the main title. The illustration is repeated on the spine. Typeface: Modern No 20 (24, 80 pt.), Source San Pro (12,15, 18, 24, 36 pt.)
  6. I changed the typeface for a more contemporary feel and ran the type in a circle as a metaphor for the plate. This was then set against an orange background to make it stand out. I took the circle as a motif and added it on the spine and on the back page. Typeface: TW Cent MT (12, 18, 24, 28, 75), TW Cent MT Condensed (28)

This was a great exercise for thinking about how design elements work together. Although I have noticed it elsewhere in the course working on this exercise really highlighted a need for attention to detail, which I am not always good at! It also showed me that small changes, different point sizes, adding tints etc, can have a big impact.

While I am still building my Illustrator and InDesign skills I am pleased to recognise that I am getting more comfortable with the programmes and have a better sense of what I can achieve with them.

For me versions 5 and 6 are probably the most successful because of their simplicity. Feedback suggested others preferred version 2 on the basis it was more likely to make them pick it up. I feel this one is a bit too ‘busy’ but could be wrong!

After some initial feedback I approached the Visual Communications Facebook Group. Their preferences were for both the image versions, and as ever they gave me some useful improvements. Suggestions included:

  • Reducing the size of the plates
  • Changing the plates
  • Lining the text up on the spine with the plates
  • Changing the font size of the sub heading on the illustration version
  • Making the green text slightly darker over the illustration
  • Rotating the spine text so it is more in keeping with convention!

These are the amended versions:

Rework

After the feedback from my tutor I have looked again at the relationship between the text and the images. Looking back I’m not entirely sure why I chose to centre everything, I think it was about the title being part of the plate but I don’t think it has been as successful as I had hoped. So I worked on several versions using the type in different ways.

I definitely prefer rework 4 because it gives the illustration room to breath and to attract readers. This has reinforced my learning about the value of feedback and creating different iterations. It has also shown the value of leaving something for a while and coming back to it. I found in doing this I was no longer so committed to the original versions and could more easily make changes. On a more challenging note it has also reconfirmed what seem like almost infinite choices (layout, colours, typefaces) and this can only be addressed by creating some boundaries (which I guess is usually fulfilled by the brief).

Exercise: Magazine Pages

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Exercise: Bike Magazine (Graphic Design One page. 107)

For this exercise I looked at ‘Bike Magazine,’ which seems to be based predominantly on a two-column format. Where there are exceptions these are full-page images, full-page data tables or three column reviews. I was surprised to see the prevalence of quite large images, although given that much of it is about different bike models, I probably shouldn’t have been. The typeface throughout is serif, and variation comes from different weights and sizes.

I took the two-column grid and large photograph format and created five variations based on the headline, ‘You are what you eat.’ Although I had already noticed it in other exercises it was fascinating to see the different tones set by the layout, images and typeface choices.

  1. Fruit image, Sanserif heading and body text: Has a slightly neutral tone, and I would imagine the article to give me some broad information about the benefits of a healthy diet
  2. Fruit image, Serif heading and sanserif body, three column layout: gives a more formal tone and I would imagine would probably contain a science based approach to diet
  3. Burger image, sanserif heading, subheading and body text: I think this one is interesting in that I can imagine the article could equally be talking about the issues of junk food and obesity, or promoting veggie burgers, or gourmet burgers
  4. Burger and Filo parcel, text all sanserif: this could be a comparator piece between junk food and fine dining, or extoling the virtues of the variety of English cuisine. I could imagine this in something like Good Housekeeping
  5. Filo parcel, script and serif heading, subheading and body: lots of white space and the cool blue tones speak to me of fine dining. I could see this as an article talking about a particular restaurant, dish or ingredient in glowing tones

It is really helpful to see how even small changes can change the tone and possible message a design is communicating. This is both rewarding and a little daunting, in that it can feel a bit overwhelming when faced with so many possibilities. I suspect this highlights the importance of a clear brief and good relationship with a client.

Exercise: Hierarchy

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Exercise:Hierarchy (Graphic Design 1, pg. 99)

Design three different pages:

  • An interview with a TV actor in a listings magazine entitled: Will Sheila tell the naked truth?
  • A review of a new piece of hardware or software in a specialist computer magazine
  • A book review in a newspaper’s weekend edition

Research these types of publication and identify three different combinations of typefaces appropriate for each magazine. Set these combinations so that your header is above 12pt in size, your body text is 12pt or below and subheadings sit in between in your hierarchy.

Naked Truth

Looking at the listing magazines there is a reasonable variation in format. Most of them seem to include blocks of colour and images. Some are based on a very standard grid with up to three columns. I decided to go for two columns with san-serif body type, (Lato, 12pt). I added a large header (Futura PT 36pt) in bold within a colour block to grab attention. The sub headers are Lato Bold in 18pt and I added a callout box in 24pt. I find the listings magazines quite busy in format so I wanted typefaces that would be reasonably clear amongst the other elements. I also adjusted the leading and tracking to try and even out the ragged end a little. Justified text using the three columns seemed to have too many rivers making it harder to read. Overall, I think it was reasonably successful in replicating the format of listings magazines, but I’m not sure it is a very creative interpretation.

Technology

Technology magazines vary in their typeface use from very contemporary to quite traditional, but many seem to favour serif with justified paragraphs so I decided to use Museo Slab with Minion Pro. The main heading is 60pt (Museo Slab), the call out boxes are 18pt with body text at 12pt. I wanted to wrap the text around the mobile phone image rather than keep it in columns and this took me a while to sort out. After some persistence I finally made it work and decided to tilt the image so it carried across all three columns.

I ran the header into one word because it is still readable as a sentence but I liked the way it lined up on the page. It makes a clear statement about the content of the article. I didn’t use subheadings because they would break the flow but added highlight boxes with larger point size for emphasis instead. I was quite pleased with this layout because I think it fits in its genre and is clear and readable. It also forced me to keep improving my InDesign skills.

Book Review

Having looked at the format of some different newspaper book reviews it seemed to me they all had a fairly clean grid layout. Most included an image but these were relatively small. They were either all san-serif or a mix of serif and san-serif. I decided to set myself a challenge and use three typefaces for this layout – heading in Corbel (60pt), subheading in Roboto Bold (20pt) and body in Merriweather regular (12pt).

After trying both formats I decided to go without hyphenation even though it makes the right edge more ragged. The format is very plain but I think it does what is expected of a book review. My sense is that the focus has to be on the review and that the design should not get in the way.

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Of all the exercises and projects in this unit this is the one I probably found the most difficult, and not necessarily because of the design requirements. It was more about the frustration of feeling I didn’t have the level of skills I needed. I am sure there are improvements I could have made but it seems there are so many variables to change in terms of point size, paragraph layout, weight, leading, kerning and so on. I found the more I fiddled the worse it got. So in some ways it feels like each design is a compromise where I have achieved the best I can given my current level of expertise. I hope that each is at least recognisable as an appropriate format for its genre.

Exercise: Lorum Ipsum

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Exercise: Lorem Ipsum (Graphic Design 1, pg.99)

Select one of the designs from your research that you think works. Using Lorem Ipsum dummy text try and copy the layout and design as closely as possible. Having completed your first example try another one. Make notes in your learning log.

I looked at two examples from my research so far; the Time Magazine article ‘Two Hermiones’ and My Cat ‘A Changing Nature.’ I don’t think I was complacent about this exercise but it certainly seemed more difficult than I had imagined. Given the number of variables, from font size and typeface to alignment and leading, it took some time to try and get something resembling the original article. I’m not sure I was entirely successful in achieving absolute copies (for example, I couldn’t find the right typeface for ‘A Changing Nature’s’ header) but it did give me a valuable insight into layout choices.

Having achieved an initial copy for both articles I then experimented with different layouts and it was very interesting to see how even subtle differences can have an impact on legibility and readability.

Two Hermiones:

 

I created several versions from the copy:

  1. Justified all lines including heading
  2. Justified all lines, hyphenated, with adjusted leading
  3. Left aligned, ragged and hyphenated

The justified all lines with adjusted tracking initially looks very orderly and legible however it is not very easy to read, and in design terms the header doesn’t look right. I think the similar version but without adjusted tracking is harder to read because of the lack of white space. The left aligned version is for me the most readable, but again the heading and subheading do not work in design terms.

Changing Nature:

I also created three versions for this article:

  1. Justified all lines
  2. Left aligned leading adjusted
  3. Centred

The left aligned version is quite close to the original but the subhead and text box items are justified. It is interesting to see that the different tracking makes this look more ragged and less legible. The justified larger text doesn’t work because of the additional white space it introduces. The justified all lines again looks neat but is harder to read, it is also easy to see the ugly white rivers that run through the middle of the columns. I did the centred version just for fun but it definitely highlights the issue of how layout can affect legibility and readability.