Assignment Five: Your Choice, Part One

Assignment Five: Your Choice, Part One – Idea Development

Brief 1: Book Design

Penguin Books have asked you to design anew house style for a collection of books on design for children and young people. They are starting with three titles: Colour, Typography and Photographs. Produce three covers – front, back and spine. The designs need to be recognisable as a series and at the same time be appreciated for their individual merits. The book dimensions are 190mm wide by 225mm high.

In addition they have asked you to produce the one on Typography, called A is for…Create an introductory chapter of at least four pages.


I started by defining the brief a little further. Children and Young People is a very broad market and it is unlikely a design for five years olds will work for fifteen year olds. I decided the market would be primarily Young Adult (defined as 12 – 18yrs; Young Adult Library Services).

I had already done some background research on Penguin Books, and having read ‘Penguin by Design,’(Baines & Pearson, 2005) I felt like I had plenty of scope for developing the designs. While they needed a degree of consistency, the cover designs could draw on a range of influences. Although Penguin is mostly associated with orange spines, it has used patterns and other colours so this didn’t feel too restrictive.

I then did my usual in terms of sketching ideas and thinking about the themes I might use to develop the designs.

I was a bit put off by the fact that the Typography book seemed to have a double title – both ‘Typography’ and ‘A is for…’ so in my sketches I played with some examples where they all had a title. But this also seemed inconsistent, why would you have a book on colour called ‘C is for…’ when the one on typography is ‘A is for…’? I was also a bit worried that the title might locate it in a much younger age group and could therefore be in tension with the age group I had chosen to work with. It seemed to me that this meant the cover needed to be eye catching enough to be taken off the shelf and explored.

During Section Four I found three books on typography that were both helpful and enjoyable:

  • Typography Workbook (Samara, 2004)
  • Playing with Type (McCormick, 2013)
  • How to Draw Type and Influence People (Hyndman, 2017)

The two activity books were particularly good for engaging me and were a bit more playful than some of the other resources I had found, which seemed to get very technical very quickly and I found a bit daunting as a non-specialist. I decided I would take a similar approach to encourage young readers to play with typography. I did a bit more research and found that Penguin do produce activity books so it would be in keeping with the brief.

I did more research around typography books for young people and found very little, apart from the truly delightful ‘Serif Fairy’ (Siegfried & Mann, 2007) I broadened the research to graphic design and found a few more titles, but not many – definitely a gap in the market!

Layout examples:

  • Typography Workbook – 230mm x 230mm, 3 column grid
  • Penguin by Design – 185mm x 220mm, 3-column grid
  • Playing with Type – 235mm x 235 mm, mainly 2 column grid
  • How to Draw Type… – 270mm x 230mm, layout is varied – single column to three
  • Graphic Design for Kids – 210mm x 230mm, two column grid

This seemed to imply that the dimensions I was working with were narrower than the other activity books I had seen. A challenge, but hopefully not insurmountable!

References:

Baines, P., & Pearson, D. (2005). Penguin by design: a cover story 1935-2005: Penguin Press.

Hyndman, S. (2017). How to Draw Type and Influence People: an activity book. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.

McCormick, L. (2013). Playing with Type: 50 graphic experiments for exploring typographic design principles. Beverley, MA: Rockport Publishers.

Samara, T. (2004). Typography workbook: a real-world guide to using type in graphic design: Rockport Publishers.

Siegfried, R., & Mann, J. (2007). The Serif Fairy. New York: Mark Batty Publisher.

 

 

Exercise: Abstract Cities

Four abstract arches to use for a city guide cover for Madrid

Create a series of ten abstract designs in which you balance blocks of subordinate, dominant and accent colours. These designs are going to be used as covers for ten cities. As part of the process explore your DTP packages further by creating the artwork in different software packages.


I think it’s fair to say that compared to previous exercises I have made a complete meal of this one! I made a fatal mistake at the beginning, which was to do the maths –  ten designs at four to five different iterations, that’s at least forty images! Oh, my that’s a lot of ideas and uploading. I think at this point I became a bit overwhelmed by the task and wasn’t sure how best to approach it. This triggered quite a lot of procrastination and longingly reading and re-reading the next exercise about Photomontage.

I collected the odd image and started thinking about how I was going to approach the exercise but the inspiration was slow in coming. Some of the cities I knew so had some initial connections and my own perception of colours and shapes. I did some wider research online to collect images of the different cities. This then prompted some initial sketches to start the process of thinking about composition, having decided I’d work on composition first and then work with colour.  I was reasonably happy with some of the ideas but not wildly excited by them.

Six thumbnail monochrome sketches for travel guides

Panorama based sketches

Unusually for me I also then looked at other student’s work for this exercise. I wouldn’t ordinarily do this as I have found in the past it can be a bit intimidating when I see the quality of other peoples work. I am also mindful that sometimes you can take on subliminal ideas that may then appear unintentionally in your own work raising concerns about originality. With those caveats in mind and being as stuck as I was I thought it might help. It was certainly useful in seeing how others had approached the exercise, and especially helpful in looking at how others had assembled their palettes and the use of Adobe Color. I also noticed some motifs and images were used by a number of students and that these were very similar to the images I had found.

The next step was some quick research on other travel guides. The ones that stood out for me were the Louise Vuitton and the Luxe guides. It was particularly the Luxe guides that caught my eye, I really liked the idea of taking a small detail to represent the bigger concept. My first sketches, and other student work seemed to be more panoramic in nature and I wanted to focus in more.

At this point I decided to refine the brief and think about them in terms of guides for art lovers in each city, which meant I could focus in on a particular theme. As I did the research this also helpfully showed that many of the arts buildings in these cities are quite iconic. Finally, I had a way in and something that interested me!


Abstract Cities – stage two

Having decided on the approach I wanted to take I set out some dedicated time to work on all ten cities together. I  worked on them in batches rather than city-by-city, in part to think about consistency but also to keep the energy going.

I created what I have called a mood board for each city in which I brought together arts, architecture and public art examples.

I put all the mood boards into Adobe Colour and used that to create a basic colour palette for each, based on their bright or custom themes. In some cases these were adapted further when I worked on the design. The Colour Palettes PDF shows the initial colour schemes.

I then started a new set of sketches to work on the compositions. These were developed in Illustrator.


Abstract Cities – Stage three

Madrid

Abstract designs for Madrid travel guide

Madrid

Based on contemporary art in the city I tried to do the exterior of the Museo Nacional Centro de Art Reina Sofia but I was struggling with Illustrator and it started looking too fragmented. The second idea was based on a piece of public art but wile I like the idea it felt too derivative. I finished by using an aspect of the exterior of the Matadero, which I think captured the wider iconic arches in other parts of Madrid as well as the Spanish colours.

Managua

Four designs for Managua city guide

Managua

I had thought I would use some of the city’s public art but after more online research I found that several of them had been demolished. In the end I went with the iconic trees (although these seem to have mixed appeal in Managua itself!).

After learning how to make swirls in Ai I used Adobe sketch and transferred the result to Ai. I was struggling to make the colours work and was painstakingly using the pen tool to map areas and apply colour. In the end I used the trace function and decided to use a thick stroke to paint the curls. I was going to tidy the edges but decided I quite liked them a bit sketchy.

Marrakech

Four designs for a Marrakech city guide cover

Marrakech

Based on the exterior of the Marrakech Museum for Photography and the Visual Arts. It was one of the earliest sketches and I was happy with the composition so concentrated on the colour combinations. I used variations from the colour palette, which were evocative of the city as a whole. In the last two versions I added the drop shadows under the windowsills but I didn’t feel they really added to the design. (I have just read the Museum has closed while it seeks a new location so would have to rework this for a guide now!).

Manhattan

Four designs for a Manhattan city guide cover

Manhattan

This design uses the iconic interior of the Guggenheim museum. As with others I started with too much detail so after the two early attempts I decided to simplify it and make it more abstract. I didn’t like the all caps typeface and tried to find something that was stylish and cultured.

Malmo

Four designs for a Malmo city guide

Malmo

These compositions are based on the exterior and interior of the Moderna Museet Malmo (MMM) and the Malmo Konsthall (MK). I kept the exterior ideas very simple and abstract. The all orange example is from the interior of the MMM and plays with some of the architectural features. The MK interior is very minimal reflecting the perspective in the gallery. The typeface is modern and simple.

Manchester

Four designs for a Manchester city guide

Manchester

These designs are based on the exterior of the People’s History Museum and as with the other designs they incorporate colours from across the city. I was reasonably happy with the composition so worked on various colour palettes. The first two didn’t feel well balanced and the interaction of colours wasn’t working. I decided to use white for the background, which lifted the colours and made it more dynamic.

Mumbai

Four designs for a Mumbai city guide cover

Mumbai

Initially, I thought I would use the exterior of the Bombay Arts Society but when I started working with the shapes it wasn’t coming together. Instead I used the interior staircase design that is very distinctive. Once I had got the basic layout I worked with different palettes until the final version, which I felt was the most harmonious. Again I chose a typeface that felt in keeping with the destination.

Marseille

Four designs for a Marseille city guide cover

Marseille

This started with the night view of the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations (MuCEM)  but it looked too busy and fussy so I moved on to the aerial view and created something much simpler. The colours draw on the wider palette of the city and are not specific to the centre. I added some texture in the final version to evoke the amazing external structure of the building. I kept the typeface clear and modern.

Melbourne

Four designs for a Melbourne city guide cover

Melbourne

My initial ideas were to use the distinctive façade of the Australia Centre for Contemporary Art and while I liked these I thought perhaps they were a little too abstract. The second set of ideas take public art in Melbourne as their starting point. The colours are reasonably close to the original works but also encompass the sunshine, red earth, and blue skies.

Montreal

Four designs for a Montreal city guide cover

Montreal

This is the iconic façade of the DHC/ART Foundation for Contemporary Art. The original building only has one red window but this has been extended to three in the final version to reflect the presence and importance of the colour red in the city. The overall palette was kept relatively muted to reflect the city’s architecture.

Final selection

Having done the original sketches and then working up the designs in Ai I selected the final ten which I felt were probably the most successful. Some are more successful than others but I think there is some sense of them working together as a series.

 

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Greetings cards

Having talked to various friends and families to develop some ideas I also thought I would find out a bit more about the greetings card market generally. This helped in terms of understanding the brief and refining my approach to the cards.  According to the Greetings Card Association the UK greetings card market was worth £1.5 billion in 2015 (up by 5% on 2014).

The statistics are fascinating and not necessarily what you might assume given the digital alternatives:

  • Everyday cards increased by 60.1 million on 2014
  • Birthday cards £564 million (up 10.4%)
  • Relations and occasions cards £586.4 million ((up by 17%)
  • Christmas cards are 12% of total card sales
  • 85% of all cards are bought by women
  • the market includes 1,000 publishers, and there are 400 members of the GCA (350 are micro/small businesses)
  • £50 million was raised for good causes from charity card sales

Greeting cards are divided into a number of categories:

  • Spring season
    • Valentines
    • Mother’s Day/ Father’s Day
    • Easter
  • Everyday
  • Ages – Birthday specific
  • Everyday – congratulations, Engagement, New Home, New Job, Get Well etc.
  • Relations – specific family members
  • Christmas: Singles or counter, and Boxes or multiples
  • Wedding Anniversaries

I also discovered there is something called the Henries Awards for Greeting cards and they use slightly different categories:

  • Cute
  • Contemporary Trend
  • Wholesale
  • Traditional words – sentimental
  • Contemporary words – sentimental

This additional research helped me think more about the possible markets for my proposed cards and who their buyers might be.

The art of postcards

Collage of lots of different postcards

The humble postcard is something I have probably paid little attention to in recent years, although I do often seem to spend time hunting for one to add a ‘thank you’ to my occasional second-hand book sales.

As with the paper exercise I had a look through my stationery stocks to see if I had any postcards and was surprised to find I actually had quite a few – some plain, some from past work projects, some from my travels in Canada and some art cards. I also found the beautiful CIA Graeae project postcards made from all the artworks in the exhibition. I then had a quick trawl online for inspiration and bought a few more including a historical set.

During my search I came across a real gem in the Marimekko set of 100 cards (50 designs) that are beautiful, fun and a riot of colour. They are a tribute to the textile design of Marimekko and have certainly given me some inspiration.

The postcard seems so well suited to its purpose it has hardly changed in 120 years. Reading some of the different accounts of the history of postcards in the UK it looks like it took about thirty years to get from the original version to its more familiar form with an image on one side and a divided back to allow for a message and address. Rather than repeat the detailed chronology that others cover well, I really wanted to note how it has been connected to social, cultural, technological and political contexts.  In summary the history of postcards follows several phases:

  • 1840 the penny postage stamp introduced
  • 1869 Austria introduces the first postcard
  • 1870 first postcards issued in the UK
  • 1894 first picture postcards produced
  • 1899 standard sizes introduced – 5.5” x 3.5”
  • 1902 the divided back postcard was introduced
  • 1902- 1914 the Golden Age – the texts of their day!
  • 1916-1930 White border era and a shift in popularity from greetings to view cards
  • 1930-1945 Linen card era. Vivid colour on linen paper. Main genres are view, comic and political humour
  • 1939 onwards Modern Chrome era. Technology allows the production of high quality photochromes

Postcards seem to come in a variety of genres which have evolved over their history, including:

  • Greetings
  • View
  • Art
  • Commemorative or historical
  • Promotional
  • Humour

In developing my postcard set I obviously have a specific brief in terms of introducing myself but researching the history of postcards has helped me explore the kinds of messages I might want to communicate.

History sources:

http://www.oldpostcards4sale.co.uk/history-of-uk-postcards

http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/photography/History-of-Postcards.html